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Sulfinyl halide
Sulfinyl halide groups occur when a sulfinyl functional group is singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula R-S(O)-X, where X is a halogen, and are intermediate in oxidation level between sulfenyl halides, R-S-X, and sulfonyl halides, R-SO2-X. The best known examples are sulfinyl chlorides, thermolabile, moisture-sensitive compounds, which are useful intermediates for preparation of other sufinyl derivatives such as sulfinamides, sulfinates, sulfoxides and thiosulfinates. Unlike the sulfur atom in sulfonyl halides and sulfenyl halides, the sulfur atom in sulfinyl halides is chiral,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Recent developments in chiral non-racemic sulfinyl-group chemistry in asymmetric synthesis )〕 as shown for methanesulfinyl chloride.
==Sulfinyl chlorides==
Sulfinic acid chlorides, or sulfinyl chlorides, are sulfinyl halides with the general formula R-S(O)-Cl. Methanesulfinyl chloride, CH3S(O)Cl, is prepared by chlorination of dimethyl disulfide in acetic anhydride at -10 to 0 °C.
These compounds react readily with nucleophiles like water, alcohols, amines, thiols, and Grignard reagents. If the nucleophile is water the product is a sulfinic acid, if it is an alcohol the product is a sulfinic ester, if it is a primary or secondary amine the product is a sulfinamide, if it is a thiol the product is a thiosulfinate, while if it is a Grignard reagent the product is a sulfoxide. Because of their reactivity and instability, alkanesulfinyl chlorides are generally used without purification immediately after their synthesis. Storage is not recommended since pressure develops within the container due to hydrogen chloride release.
Treatment of alkanesulfinyl chlorides having α-hydrogens with tertiary amine bases gives thiocarbonyl ''S''-oxides (sulfines) as isolable compounds. Thus, treatment of ''n''-propanesulfinyl chloride with triethylamine gives syn-propanethial-S-oxide, the lachrymatory agent of the onion. Treatment of methanesulfinyl chloride or ethane-1,2-bis-sulfinyl chloride, ClS(O)CH2CH2S(O)Cl (prepared by oxidative chlorination of 1,2-ethanedithiol, HSCH2CH2SH), with a tertiary amine in the presence of the chiral glucose-derived secondary alcohol diacetone-D-glucose affords optically pure sulfinate esters by a process of Dynamic kinetic resolution. Sulfinyl chlorides undergo Friedel–Crafts reactions with arenes giving sulfoxides.
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